Which type of vascular aquatic plants are rooted or anchored in the bottom soils with most of the leaf stem tissue above the water surface?

Emergent vascular aquatic plants are characterized by their growth habit where they are rooted in the bottom soils but have most of their leaf and stem tissues extending above the water surface. This adaptation allows them to photosynthesize efficiently by accessing sunlight, while also providing habitat and food for various aquatic species. Emergent plants typically thrive in shallow waters, where their roots can secure them in the substrate while their leaves reach upwards.

Floating plants do not anchor in the substrate and are generally free-floating on the water surface, while submersed plants grow entirely underwater without parts reaching the surface. Non-vascular plants, such as mosses or liverworts, lack the complex structures of vascular plants, making them a different category entirely. Emergent plants play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, contributing to water filtration, erosion control, and serving as a sanctuary for wildlife.