What effect does herbicide runoff have on aquatic life?

Herbicide runoff significantly contributes to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems, which can lead to a variety of negative impacts on aquatic life. When herbicides are washed into bodies of water during rainfall or irrigation, they can disrupt the ecological balance. Many aquatic organisms, including fish, amphibians, and invertebrates, can suffer from toxic exposure, which can impair their survival, reproduction, and development.

Additionally, the presence of herbicides in water can lead to a decrease in biodiversity, as sensitive species may decline or disappear altogether, leaving only more resistant species behind. This shift can result in further imbalances in the ecosystem, impacting food webs and water quality. The importance of managing herbicide application to prevent runoff is critical in preserving aquatic habitats and maintaining healthy ecosystems.

The other options do not reflect the adverse reality of herbicide runoff and its significant threat to aquatic environments.